Flu Treatment

Influenza, commonly called "the flu", is a virus that infects the respiratory system. It spreads from person to person through the air and contaminated surfaces. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between five and 20 percent of Americans catch the flu annually. There is no cure; the infection has to run its course, typically four to five days. Treatment focuses on preventing sickness and relieving symptoms.

Prevention

• The best way to fight the flu is by trying to avoid getting it. Flu shots are the primary defense method. Flu shots are especially important for the very old, very young and those with chronic medical conditions. Many common drug store chains (such as Walgreen's and CVS) offer flu shots through the fall and winter, or places of employment often host days when employees and their families can get them. The American Lung Association also offers an online flu clinic locator (see the Resources section below).

  Other prevention methods center on eliminating contact with the virus and preventing its spread. Keep surfaces that collect germs disinfected, such as kitchen and bathroom counters, doorknobs, telephones and toys. Wipe them down often with cleaner or detergent.

  Wash your hands frequently with warm, soapy water, lathering for at least 15 seconds and drying thoroughly. Use an alcohol-based disinfectant hand gel or hand wipes if you cannot wash with water.

  Cover your mouth whenever you cough or sneeze; if you used your hands, clean them right away. Throw dirty tissues away immediately and wash your hands.

  Taking care of your health enables you to fight off potential infections: eat a nutritious diet, get the sleep you need, exercise and properly manage stress.

Medications

• You may be able to use antiviral drugs if you recognize signs that you have the flu and get to a doctor within 48 hours. These antiviral drugs lessen the severity and length of your infection. Several over-the-counter medications address symptoms if your flu infection gets a toehold.

  Decongestants relieve nasal and sinus blockage by helping to open and drain the mucous membranes. Antihistamines lessen runny nose and itchy, watery eyes. They counteract the substance in your body that produces these effects in an attempt to get rid of the virus.

  Coughing clears post-nasal drip or fluid in the lungs, but if your cough is frequent and severe, cough medicines, medicated lozenges and gargles can soothe your throat. These either suppress coughs or make them more effective so that the problem will be cleared up more quickly. Cough medicines often include decongestants and antihistamines.

  Aspirin, Acetaminophin (Tylenol), naproxen (Aleve) and ibuprofren (Motrin, Advil) are common fever reducers.

  Because many medications treat numerous symptoms, make sure not to take multiple remedies for the same symptom. Beware of possible drug interactions if you are taking other medications. Drug interactions happen when the ingredients in one drug react against the ingredients in another, causing unexpected side effects that can be harmful. The labels of over-the counter drugs list information about possible interaction issues. Consult a pharmacist or doctor with any questions if the information is not clear.

Other remedies

• Other than medication, there are several ways to take care of yourself and help your body fight the flu. Give your body time to restore and heal itself. Drink plenty of fluids, preferably warm drinks; they will comfort a sore throat and help with decongestion. Stay hydrated, especially if you have a fever. Certain foods have qualities that can help you: proteins support healing; nutrients in vegetables and citrus fruits strengthen the immune system. Hot soup--especially chicken soup, just like Mom says--helps stimulate mucous flow that will flush the virus out of your system. Adding spices such as garlic, chili peppers, horseradish and hot sauce can open your sinuses.

  Juices, ginger ale, sports drinks and clear broths, or munch ice chips, gelatin and popsicles will help if you are nauseated or have diarrhea. Gargling with warm water and salt can soothe and cleanse a sore throat. For heavy congestion, a humidifier or steam inhalation can ease it. Try moist compresses on the cheeks and head for aching head and sinuses.

Beware of complications

• A serious case of the flu can lead to complications, especially with older people, young children and those who had preexisting medical conditions. Seek medical care if you experience: respiratory problems, such as wheezing or shortness of breath; persistent fever, fever over 102 degrees, or fever with chills; earache or ear discharge; facial pain along with thick yellow or green mucus for more than seven days; constant hoarseness, sore throat or coughing; coughing up blood-tinged mucous from the lungs; chest pains; or any flu symptoms lasting longer than 10 to 14 days.

What About the Swine Flu?

• So far, symptoms of the swine flu (H1N1) are much like those of the regular seasonal flu; some swine flu sufferers have higher instances of diarrhea and vomiting. Prevention and treatment methods for both are the same, as are the groups who should be most careful about infection (the very old, the very young, those with pre-existing medical conditions). A vaccine for the swine flu virus is expected to be available in October (you will still need a separate shot for the regular seasonal flu).