Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever What Is

Louse-borne relapsing fever is a bacterial infection spread by body lice. It causes recurring episodes of fever, chills, and other symptoms.

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Causes

Louse-borne relapsing fever is caused by bacteria called Borrelia. Body lice become infected with Borrelia when they feed on an infected person. The lice can then transmit the bacteria to other people when they bite them.

Lice are small, wingless insects that live on the skin and feed on blood. They are often found in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation. Body lice are found on the body, especially in the folds of the skin, such as the armpits, groin, and waist.

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Risk Factors

The risk of louse-borne relapsing fever is increased in people who:

Live in or travel to areas where the disease is common

Have close contact with someone who is infected with the disease

Are homeless or live in crowded conditions

Have poor hygiene

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Symptoms

Symptoms of louse-borne relapsing fever usually develop 7-14 days after being bitten by an infected louse. The symptoms come and go, with periods of fever lasting for a few days followed by periods of no symptoms. The fever can range from 101°F (38.3°C) to 104°F (40°C).

Other symptoms of louse-borne relapsing fever may include:

Chills

Headache

Muscle aches

Joint pain

Nausea

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Skin rash

Enlarged spleen

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Diagnosis

Louse-borne relapsing fever is diagnosed based on the symptoms and a blood test. The blood test looks for antibodies to the Borrelia bacteria.

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Treatment

Louse-borne relapsing fever is treated with antibiotics, such as tetracycline or doxycycline. The antibiotics are usually taken for 10 days.

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Complications

Louse-borne relapsing fever can lead to complications, such as:

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

Pneumonia

Kidney failure

Death

Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever Prevention

There is no vaccine to prevent louse-borne relapsing fever. The best way to prevent the disease is to avoid contact with body lice. This can be done by:

Keeping your body clean

Washing your clothes and bedding in hot water

Avoiding close contact with people who are infected with the disease

Using insect repellent

Checking for lice regularly and treating them if found