How is a non infectious disease different from disease?

Non-infectious diseases, also called non-communicable diseases (NCDs), are not caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Rather, they result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Some common examples of non-infectious diseases include:

1. Cardiovascular diseases: These include conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, high blood pressure, and heart failure. They are often caused by risk factors like smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, and high cholesterol.

2. Cancers: Non-infectious cancers are caused by genetic mutations and abnormal cell growth. Risk factors can include exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, genetic predisposition, and unhealthy lifestyle habits.

3. Chronic respiratory diseases: These include conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Smoking, air pollution, and occupational exposure to harmful substances are common risk factors.

4. Diabetes: This group of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes, is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, obesity, lack of physical activity, and poor diet.

5. Neurodegenerative disorders: Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis fall into this category. These disorders affect the brain and nervous system, and their causes are often complex, involving genetic and environmental factors.

Unlike infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases are not transmitted from person to person or through contact with contaminated objects. They are primarily related to individual risk factors and long-term lifestyle choices. Prevention and management of non-infectious diseases often involve adopting healthier habits, regular health screenings, and medical interventions as necessary.