Why cholera disease is susceptible to some persons and immune other persons?

The response to cholera infection can vary among individuals, resulting in different levels of susceptibility and immunity. Several factors can contribute to this variation, including:

1. Immune Response and Prior Exposure:

- Individuals who have previously been exposed to cholera or have been vaccinated against it may develop immunity and be less susceptible to subsequent infections. This immunity can be acquired through natural infection or through vaccination programs.

2. Genetic Factors:

- Some individuals may have genetic variations that influence their susceptibility to cholera infection. These genetic factors can affect the immune system's response to the bacteria and the severity of the disease.

3. Age:

- Age can play a role in cholera susceptibility. Young children and elderly individuals are generally more vulnerable to severe cholera infection compared to adults. This may be due to differences in immune system strength and overall health status.

4. Nutritional Status:

- Undernutrition and malnutrition can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of severe cholera infection. Poor nutritional status can impair the body's ability to fight off the bacteria and recover from the disease.

5. Hygiene and Sanitation:

- Access to safe water, sanitation, and proper hygiene practices can significantly reduce the risk of cholera infection. Individuals living in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water are more likely to be exposed to cholera-causing bacteria.

6. Overall Health:

- Underlying medical conditions, such as immune deficiencies, chronic diseases, or compromised health conditions, can increase an individual's susceptibility to cholera infection.

It's important to note that while these factors can influence cholera susceptibility, there is still significant variation among individuals, and not all people exposed to the bacteria will develop the disease. Public health measures, such as vaccination, sanitation improvements, and education, play a crucial role in reducing cholera transmission and protecting vulnerable populations.