What are the effects of cholera to human?

1. Dehydration:

Cholera causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, leading to rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body, ultimately causing dehydration. Excessive loss of fluids can lead to electrolyte imbalances, decreased blood volume, and potential shock.

2. Diarrhea:

Cholera primarily manifests as frequent and watery diarrhea, often referred to as "rice water stools" due to their resemblance to water used to rinse rice. The stools may contain flakes or mucus but usually no blood.

3. Vomiting:

Like diarrhea, vomiting is a common symptom of cholera. It can further contribute to fluid and electrolyte loss, exacerbating dehydration. Vomiting may also cause electrolyte disturbances.

4. Abdominal Pain:

People infected with cholera may experience mild to severe abdominal pain and cramps, adding to their discomfort and affecting their ability to perform daily activities.

5. Hypotension:

Severe and rapid fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting can cause a drop in blood pressure (hypotension), which can lead to lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting, and, in severe cases, shock.

6. Shock:

In severe cases of cholera, excessive fluid loss can lead to hypovolemic shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate blood flow to organs due to low blood pressure and is a serious complication of cholera.

7. Renal Failure:

If dehydration is not promptly treated, it can progress to acute renal failure, as the kidneys lack sufficient fluids for proper functioning. Renal failure can lead to the accumulation of toxins and metabolic waste in the blood.

8. Metabolic Acidosis:

Excessive loss of bicarbonate and potassium caused by the intense diarrhea and vomiting can result in metabolic acidosis, a condition in which the blood becomes more acidic.

9. Prolonged Weakness:

Even after recovery from the acute phase of cholera, individuals may experience prolonged weakness and fatigue. Regaining strength and energy may take several weeks to months.

10. Death:

If left untreated or treatment is delayed, cholera can be fatal. Severe dehydration and shock can lead to multiple organ failure and ultimately death. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to reduce the risk of mortality.