Hookworm Causes

Hookworm infections can lead to serious complications if left untreated. While not much of a problem in the United States, the World Health Organization says it affects about 740 million people worldwide. If you suspect you have an infection, seek medical care immediately.

Causes

• Hookworm infections spread through contact with infected soil. The parasites penetrate the skin most commonly through the feet, legs, arms and hands. You can also become infected by ingesting the larvae. Hookworms get excreted through feces. If you live or spend time near an area where people often defecate outdoors, have poor sanitary conditions in bathrooms or where human waste gets used as fertilizer, you have an increased risk of getting the infection. Hookworms are most prevalent in warm, humid areas or those with poor sanitation and hygiene.

Symptoms

• In many cases, a hookworm infection will not cause any symptoms. A more serious or first-time infection might produce some visible signs. The University of Maryland reports that possible indicators of hookworm infection include abdominal discomfort, bloody stool, bloody mucus, cough, diarrhea, fatigue, itchy rash, nausea and vomiting.

Complications

• Severe hookworm infection can lead to anemia due to excessive blood loss and malnutrition in the form of protein loss, according to the Centers for Disease Control. A child infected with hookworm might be less able to fight off other infections, which could impact physical and mental development. WHO indicates an infection during pregnancy can affect the health of the fetus, cause low birth weight and even endanger the life of both mother and child.

Treatment

• Medications that destroy hookworms include albendazole, mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate, notes MedlinePlus. You will also receive treatment for anemia if necessary and might need to increase the amount of protein in your diet.