What are two ways that pathogenic organisms can cause infection and disease?

Pathogenic organisms can cause infection and disease in two main ways:

1. Toxins: Some pathogenic organisms produce toxins, which are harmful substances that can damage cells and tissues. Toxins can have a variety of effects, including causing inflammation, tissue destruction, and organ failure. For example, the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene, a serious infection that can lead to tissue death and amputation.

2. Invasive growth: Some pathogenic organisms can invade and damage host tissues by growing and multiplying within them. This can lead to inflammation, tissue damage, and organ failure. For example, the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus** can invade the skin and cause a variety of infections, including boils, abscesses, and cellulitis.