What are The Old World Pathogens?

The Old World Pathogens:

Old world pathogens are the ancient and most common pathogens that spread across European continent prior to the age of Columbus, which also include all the infectious diseases that humans have encountered historically. In the New World regions like US and South America, these were initially absent or rare. With Columbus travel from Spain to the New World, there was an explosive spread of these pathogens. It is estimated that about one half of the approximately sixty million population of the New World died from the old World pathogens, in the century following the arrival of Columbus in 1492. Some of the Old World Pathogens are listed below:

1. Smallpox: Smallpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the variola virus. It is characterized by a rash of small red bumps that can spread over the entire body. Smallpox was eradicated in 1980, but it remains a potential bioterrorism threat.

2. Measles: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that causes fever, cough, runny nose, and a rash. It can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. Measles was nearly eliminated in the United States, but there have been recent outbreaks due to declining vaccination rates.

3. Influenza: Influenza is a viral infection that causes fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches. It can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and death. Influenza is a major public health threat, and new pandemics occur periodically.

4. Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. It can also spread to other organs, such as the brain and kidneys. TB is a major public health problem in many parts of the world, and it is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent.

5. Malaria: Malaria is a parasitic infection that is transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes fever, chills, and sweating. Malaria can be fatal if not treated promptly. Malaria is a major public health problem in many parts of the world, and it is the leading cause of death from a parasitic infection.

6. Bubonic Plague: Although primarily spread by contact with infected flea, bubonic plague is also the old World pathogen that spread quickly because of human travel along the ancient trade routes.

These are just a few of the many old pathogen and infectious agents that have caused immense suffering and loss of human lives throughout history. By understanding the history and impact of these pathogens, we can better prepare for and prevent future pandemics and outbreaks.