How is the bubonic plague transmitted?

The bubonic plague is primarily transmitted through the bites of infected fleas. These fleas typically acquire the plague bacteria, _Yersinia pestis_, from rodents, such as rats, which serve as natural reservoirs for the bacteria. When an infected flea bites a human or another susceptible host, the bacteria can enter the skin and cause infection.

The bubonic plague is characterized by the formation of swollen and tender lymph nodes, known as buboes, usually in the armpits, groin, or neck. These buboes are caused by the accumulation of infected fluid, bacteria, and immune cells at the site of the flea bite.

While flea bites are the main mode of transmission, the plague can also be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or humans, or through inhalation of respiratory droplets containing the bacteria. However, these forms of transmission are less common compared to flea bites.

To prevent the transmission of the bubonic plague, it is crucial to control flea populations and prevent their contact with humans. Measures such as rodent control, proper sanitation, and the use of insecticides can help reduce the risk of flea-borne transmission. Additionally, early detection and treatment of infected individuals are essential to prevent further spread of the disease.