How does vaccination prevent a person getting disease?

Vaccination works by stimulating the body's immune system to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen, such as a virus or bacteria. When a person is vaccinated, a vaccine containing a weakened or killed form of the pathogen, or a part of the pathogen, is introduced into the body. The immune system responds to the vaccine by producing antibodies that are specific to the pathogen. These antibodies circulate in the blood and are ready to attack and neutralize the pathogen if it is encountered in the future.

When a vaccinated person is exposed to the actual pathogen, the immune system is able to quickly recognize and destroy it before it can cause disease. This is because the antibodies produced in response to the vaccine have already been primed to target and neutralize the pathogen. As a result, the person is protected from developing the disease.

In addition to protecting individuals, vaccination can also help to achieve herd immunity, which occurs when a large portion of the population is immune to a disease. This can prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable individuals who may not be able to be vaccinated, such as infants or people with weakened immune systems.

Vaccination is one of the most effective and safe ways to prevent infectious diseases. It has helped to eradicate or control many diseases, such as smallpox, polio, and measles. Vaccination is an important part of public health and is essential for protecting individuals and communities from preventable diseases.