What is a parental transmission infection?

Parental transmission infection (PTI) refers to the transmission or passing of an infection from a parent to a child, either before, during, or after birth. It can occur through various routes, including:

1. In utero (before birth):

- Transplacental infection: This occurs when an infection spreads from the mother to the developing fetus through the placenta. Infections such as rubella (German measles), cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis, and certain sexually transmitted infections (like syphilis and HIV) can be transmitted in this manner.

2. Intrapartum (during birth):

- Maternal-infant transmission: During labor and delivery, the baby may come into contact with infectious agents present in the birth canal. This can lead to infections such as group B streptococcus (GBS), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea).

3. Postpartum (after birth):

- Breast milk transmission: Some infections can be transmitted through breast milk, especially if the mother has an active infection in the breast. HIV and certain viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), can be transmitted in this way.

- Close contact: After birth, the baby may acquire infections through close contact with the infected parent, siblings, or other household members. This can include respiratory infections (like influenza or whooping cough), gastrointestinal infections (such as rotavirus), and skin infections.

Preventing parental transmission infections involves proper prenatal care, early screening and treatment of maternal infections, immunization of both parents and infants, safe sex practices, and following good hygiene measures. Timely medical attention is crucial to minimize the risk of transmission and protect both the mother and the baby's health.