What is staphylococci?

Staphylococci are Gram-positive, round-shaped bacteria that are commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. They are also found in the environment, such as in soil, water, and dust. Staphylococci are the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections in humans, and they can also cause infections of the lungs, bloodstream, and other organs.

There are many different species of staphylococci, but the most common and clinically significant ones include:

* Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most virulent species of staphylococci and is responsible for a wide range of infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and food poisoning.

* Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is a common commensal bacterium that is found on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. However, it can also cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with indwelling medical devices.

* Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is a species of staphylococci that is commonly found in the urinary tract and can cause urinary tract infections, particularly in young women.

Staphylococci can spread from person to person through direct contact with infected skin or mucous membranes, or through indirect contact with contaminated objects. They can also be spread through contaminated food or water.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infections vary depending on the type of infection and the location of the infection. Some common symptoms include:

* Skin and soft tissue infections: redness, swelling, pain, and drainage of pus

* Pneumonia: cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain

* Bloodstream infections: fever, chills, and low blood pressure

* Food poisoning: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain

Staphylococcal infections can be treated with antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of staphylococci that is causing the infection and the severity of the infection.

Prevention of staphylococcal infections includes:

* Washing your hands frequently with soap and water

* Avoiding contact with infected individuals

* Keeping cuts and wounds clean and covered

* Cooking food thoroughly

* Refrigerating perishable foods promptly