Signs of Fungus of the Fingernails

Fungal infections of the nail can be unattractive, difficult to treat, and may even be painful if allowed to spread. Fungi proliferate in warm, moist environments, making fungal infections of the toenails more common. Once an infection has occurred, it is important to consult a doctor for treatment, as continuing infection can cause the nail to crumble or fall off.

About

• Fungal infections in the nail are typically caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes, but can be caused by mold or yeast as well. The fungi enter the nail through minuscule cuts in the skin or an opening between the skin and the nail. Locker rooms, showers and moist warm socks are all prime areas for fungi to thrive.

Initial Symptoms

• The first sign that there may be a fungal infection of the nail is a small white or yellow spot on the nail, usually near the tip of the nail. Note that small white spots can occur after injury to the nail, but spots due to fungi will typically occur closer to the top of the nail and not in the middle of the nail. Fungal infections can be contagious, but only through constant skin-to-skin contact.

Symptoms of Infection

• Signs that a fungal infection has spread include nails that appear yellowish or dull, distorted, crumbling or thickened. If the nail has separated slightly from the skin due to the infection, debris can build up under the nail, causing a darkened color. There may be pain or discomfort, especially if the nail is separating from the skin.

Treatment

• See a doctor at the first signs of nail infection, as the infection can spread and cause damage until treated. Doctors may prescribe an oral antifungal medication, a topical antifungal ointment or polish, or even surgery if the damage is extensive. Always contact a doctor with any questions. Note that antifungal treatment can take up to nine months to work because it takes that long for a nail to grow out and a healthy one to replace it.