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What Kind of Worm Is a Hookworm?

A hookworm refers to a type of parasitic worm that measures nearly half an inch long. Hookworms are nematodes, or roundworms, that belong to the taxonomic family ancylostomatidae. Several genera and species of hookworms exist. The genus Ancylostoma primarily infects cats and dogs, while Anclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus primarily infect humans. Hookworm infections in humans usually occur in tropical and subtropical areas that have poor sanitation practices, but infections sometimes also occur in the southeastern United States.

  1. Hookworm Life Cycle

    • Humans or animals pass stool that contain microscopic hookworm eggs. The larvae hatch in one to two days and grow in the feces or soil for three to four weeks. If they come into contact with a human or animal, they penetrate the skin and move into the bloodstream, where they are swallowed and travel to the small intestine. Adult hookworms can live in the small intestine for several years, where they will live off the host's blood and lay eggs, continuing the cycle. Puppies may also get hookworms from their mother's milk.

    Signs of an Infection

    • People sometimes experience a skin rash, weight loss, diarrhea and abdominal pain during a hookworm infection. However, some people experience no symptoms. Cats and dogs may appear emaciated, weak or listless after becoming infected with hookworms. They may also have a rough coat or show other signs of blood loss, such as anemia. Dogs may have black, bloody diarrhea. Hookworm infections can be fatal in animals and may retard development in humans.

    Diagnosis and Treatment

    • Doctors and veterinarians diagnose hookworm infections by examining feces under a microscope and looking for hookworm eggs. Antiparasitic drugs cure hookworm infections, although people and animals may develop new infections if they remain in an area that has hookworms. People who are anemic from blood loss may also receive iron therapy after a hookworm infection.

    Prevention

    • Proper sanitary facilities prevent human hookworm infections by keeping raw sewage out of the soil. In addition, wearing shoes while you are in an area that has hookworms and avoiding the use of feces as fertilizer helps prevent infections. Prevent cat and dog infections by training dogs to defecate on one area of the lawn, preferably an area that receives at least two hours of direct sunlight each day, and disposing of waste properly.

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