What causes sterility in males?
Sterility in males, also known as male infertility, refers to the inability of a man to impregnate a woman. It can be caused by various factors affecting the production, function, or delivery of sperm. Here are some of the common causes of male sterility:
1. Low Sperm Count (Oligospermia):
- Sperm count less than 15 million per milliliter is usually considered low.
2. Poor Sperm Motility (Asthenospermia):
- When a significant proportion of sperm have reduced or poor motility, it can affect their ability to reach the egg.
3. Abnormal Sperm Morphology (Teratozoospermia):
- Abnormalities in the shape or structure of sperm can compromise their ability to fertilize the egg.
4. Varicocele:
- This is the enlargement and swelling of the veins within the scrotum, leading to increased scrotal temperatures, which can impair sperm production.
5. Genetic Factors:
- Genetic disorders like Klinefelter syndrome (an extra X chromosome), cystic fibrosis, or Y chromosome microdeletions can affect sperm production or quality.
6. Hormonal Imbalances:
- Various hormones, including testosterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), and LH (luteinizing hormone), play critical roles in sperm production. Imbalances in these hormone levels can disrupt spermatogenesis.
7. Environmental Factors:
- Exposure to certain toxins, heavy metals, pesticides, radiation, or excessive heat can negatively impact sperm production and health.
8. Infections:
- Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause inflammation and scarring in the reproductive organs, impairing sperm production or transport.
9. Medications and Treatments:
- Certain medications, such as chemotherapy, can have harmful effects on sperm production. Surgical procedures, like vasectomy, can also lead to sterility.
10. Health Conditions:
- Chronic conditions like diabetes, obesity, thyroid disorders, kidney or liver disease, or pituitary gland problems can indirectly affect male fertility.
11. Lifestyle Factors:
- Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, recreational drug use, and prolonged use of certain herbs or supplements can negatively impact sperm quality or production.
If you are experiencing fertility issues, it's important to consult a healthcare professional, such as a urologist or andrologist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.