What happens to the uterus wall during menstruation?

During menstruation, the uterus undergoes significant changes as part of the menstrual cycle. Here's what happens to the uterus wall during this phase:

1. Shedding of the Endometrium: The endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus, thickens and develops during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in preparation for possible pregnancy. However, if pregnancy doesn't occur, the corpus luteum (a temporary structure formed after ovulation) regresses, leading to a decline in progesterone and estrogen levels.

2. Breakdown of Blood Vessels: As progesterone and estrogen levels drop, the blood vessels within the endometrium start to constrict and eventually rupture. This breakdown of blood vessels leads to small areas of bleeding and the formation of blood clots.

3. Sloughing Off of the Endometrium: The loss of hormonal support causes the endometrium to break down and shed. The blood clots, along with the sloughed-off endometrial tissue, form the menstrual flow.

4. Contractions of the Uterus: The uterus undergoes mild contractions during menstruation. These contractions help expel the menstrual fluid and sloughed-off endometrial tissue from the uterine cavity through the cervix and out of the body.

5. Repair and Regeneration: After the shedding of the endometrium, the uterine lining begins to regenerate. This process is supported by the rising levels of estrogen during the proliferative phase of the next menstrual cycle. The endometrium thickens again in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

The shedding of the endometrium and the associated events during menstruation are a normal part of the reproductive cycle. If someone experiences any unusual or excessive symptoms during menstruation, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional.