How can a person be born without gallbladder?

Congenital absence of the gallbladder (CAOG) is a rare condition in which a person is born without a gallbladder. It occurs when the gallbladder fails to develop during fetal development. CAOG is usually asymptomatic and does not require treatment. However, in some cases, it can lead to complications such as gallstones or biliary dyskinesia.

The gallbladder is a small organ located on the underside of the liver. It stores bile, which is a fluid that helps to digest fats. Bile is produced by the liver and then transported to the gallbladder, where it is concentrated. When a person eats a meal, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the small intestine.

In people with CAOG, bile flows directly from the liver into the small intestine. This can sometimes lead to problems with digestion, such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea. In some cases, CAOG can also lead to gallstones. Gallstones are formed when bile becomes too concentrated and forms crystals. These crystals can then harden and become stones.

Gallstones can cause a variety of symptoms, including pain in the upper right abdomen, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, gallstones can also lead to more serious problems, such as pancreatitis or cholangitis.

Treatment for CAOG is usually not necessary. However, if a person experiences symptoms, such as gallstones, treatment may be recommended. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or a combination of both.