Why does sterility results with undescended testicle?

Sterility can result from undescended testicles due to several factors:

1. Impaired Sperm Production:

Undescended testicles often experience higher temperatures than the normal scrotal environment. This elevated temperature can adversely affect sperm production and maturation, leading to reduced sperm count, motility, and quality. Over time, this can result in infertility or subfertility.

2. Structural Abnormalities:

Undescended testicles may have structural abnormalities that disrupt the normal anatomy and function of the reproductive system. These abnormalities can include missing or malformed vas deferens, which are the tubes that transport sperm from the testicles to the penis. Without a clear passageway, sperm cannot reach the female reproductive tract during ejaculation, resulting in sterility.

3. Hormonal Imbalances:

Undescended testicles can disrupt the normal hormonal balance in the male reproductive system. The testicles produce testosterone, a crucial hormone for male development, growth, and reproductive function. Impaired testosterone production can affect sperm production, sexual development, and overall male fertility.

4. Testicular Damage:

Undescended testicles are more prone to injury and torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord). These conditions can lead to testicular damage, which can further impair sperm production and quality.

5. Developmental Delay:

In some cases, undescended testicles may indicate underlying developmental issues that affect multiple organ systems, including the reproductive system. These systemic disorders can also contribute to sterility.

It's essential for individuals with undescended testicles to receive timely medical evaluation and intervention. Early surgical correction (orchiopexy) to reposition the testicles into the scrotum can improve the chances of preserving fertility. Even if fertility has already been affected, other treatment options, such as assisted reproductive techniques (ART), can be explored to help achieve parenthood.