What does natural contraception mean?

Natural contraception refers to methods of preventing pregnancy that rely on an understanding of the fertile window in the menstrual cycle, avoiding sexual intercourse during this time. In this approach, partners rely on observing and interpreting natural body signs, such as changes in cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and menstrual cycle patterns, to determine the most fertile and non-fertile phases.

Couples practicing natural contraception use fertility awareness methods (FAMs) to identify fertile and infertile periods. The concept of natural contraception, also known as fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs), rests on the fact that the chances of pregnancy are higher during a specific window of the menstrual cycle.

Two significant markers indicate the fertile window: ovulation and menstruation. Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovaries, and it usually happens around 14 days before the next period (on average). Menstruation marks the beginning of the new cycle and the shedding of the uterine lining. By combining observations and calculations based on these events, couples can predict the fertile period and abstain from intercourse during that time to prevent conception.

There are various forms of natural contraception:

- Calendar Method (Rhythm Method): This involves tracking the menstrual cycle and calculating the estimated fertile days based on the average cycle length.

- Cervical Mucus (Ovulation) Method: This method relies on observing changes in the consistency and appearance of cervical mucus. Fertile cervical mucus resembles raw egg white and indicates the fertile phase.

- Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method: This method involves taking and charting basal body temperature (lowest temperature attained during sleep) and looking for a slight increase that indicates ovulation.

- Symptothermal Method: This combines both cervical mucus observations and basal body temperature charting to pinpoint fertile and non-fertile days.

While natural contraception can be an effective method of birth control with regular cycle monitoring, it requires accuracy and discipline. It is also essential to be aware of potential limitations, such as irregular cycles, difficulty interpreting body signs, and the potential for human error. As with any method of birth control, discussing the appropriate approach with a healthcare professional is always advisable.