What Are the Causes of Decreased Sperm Count?

Low sperm count is a cause of male infertility. Once a couple has tried unsuccessfully for one year to conceive without the use of contraception, the doctor may begin different tests on both the man and woman to determine the problem. If the man is found to have a decrease in the mobility, quality or count of the number of his sperm, he is considered to be infertile. There are a number of causes for a decreased sperm count, some of which can be treated easily, either with medication or small changes in lifestyle. If these treatments are successful, conception may be possible.

Radiation

• If a man has undergone radiation treatment for cancer or has had an excessive number of x-rays, it can decrease his sperm count dramatically. Any form of radiation treatment affects rapidly dividing cells, including the cells that produce sperm. It can take two years for the cells that have been exposed to radiation to begin producing sperm normally again. In some instances, these cells do not recover from the treatment.

Nutrient Deficiency

• If a man's body is deficient in certain nutrients, such as selenium, vitamin C and zinc, he is at a high risk for having a decreased sperm count. A man who is trying to get his partner pregnant should increase his intake of vitamin C, which prevents sperm from sticking together, and vitamins B-12 and E to help increase production and activity.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are one of the main reasons for a decreased sperm count in men. Chlamydia is perhaps one of the most dangerous STDs a man can have, and the most damaging when it comes to a decreased sperm count. This is an STD that is not easily detectable in men, due to the fact that it displays no symptoms. The disease produces antibodies that have a negative effect on sperm production, which lessens the likelihood of conception.

Exercise

• Certain types of exercise can reduce sperm production, especially cycling or mountain biking. This is because of the repeated, pounding motion on the testes and scrotum from the cycling. The trauma caused from this motion is quite possibly the main reason for the vascular damage and the effect this has on the motility of sperm.

Overheating

• When the testicles are exposed to an excess amount of heat, it can adversely affect the development of the sperm. The temperature of the testes may increase due to tight fitting underwear or using a laptop computer too close to the groin. To combat these problems, men can choose boxer shorts over briefs and to use a laptop heat insulator. Minor changes such as these will help the testicles stay cool and the sperm count in normal range.