Why are relatives of people with celiac disease at risk for the disease?

Celiac disease has a strong genetic component, so relatives of people with the condition are at an increased risk of developing it. This is because they are more likely to inherit the genetic variations that increase the risk of celiac disease.

The exact genes involved in celiac disease are not fully understood, but several genetic variants have been identified as being associated with the condition. These include variations in the genes HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8, which are involved in the immune system. People who carry these genetic variations are more likely to develop celiac disease if they are exposed to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.

In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors also play a role in the development of celiac disease. These factors include the timing and amount of gluten exposure, as well as the presence of other infections or stressors.

If you have a close relative with celiac disease, you should talk to your doctor about your risk for the condition. Your doctor may recommend that you be tested for celiac disease, even if you do not have any symptoms.