What Causes Lactose Intolerance?

Lactose intolerance is a common condition that affects the ability of the body to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose, two sugars that can be absorbed by the small intestine.

Primary lactose intolerance is the most common type of lactose intolerance and it is caused by a gradual decrease in lactase production as a person gets older. This decrease in lactase production is thought to be due to genetic factors and is most common in people of African, Asian, and Native American descent.

Secondary lactose intolerance can be caused by a number of factors, including:

* Damage to the small intestine: This can be caused by conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and bacterial infections.

* Certain medications: Some medications, such as antibiotics, can damage the small intestine and cause lactose intolerance.

* Premature birth: Babies who are born prematurely may have a deficiency of lactase and may therefore be lactose intolerant.

Symptoms of lactose intolerance can include:

* Bloating

* Gas

* Diarrhea

* Abdominal pain

* Nausea

* Vomiting

Lactose intolerance can be diagnosed with a hydrogen breath test or a lactose tolerance test. These tests measure the amount of hydrogen in the breath after a person consumes lactose. If the hydrogen levels are high, it is a sign that the person is lactose intolerant.

Treatment for lactose intolerance involves avoiding or limiting the consumption of lactose-containing foods. There are also a number of lactase enzyme supplements available that can be taken with lactose-containing foods to help digest the lactose and prevent symptoms.