Why does diarrhea cause malnutrition?

Diarrhea causes malnutrition for several reasons:

- Reduced nutrient absorption: Diarrhea can cause the body to rapidly expel food and water, which can reduce the absorption of essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

- Increased nutrient losses: Diarrhea can lead to increased losses of nutrients through frequent bowel movements. These nutrients are not absorbed and are lost from the body.

- Poor appetite: Diarrhea can often cause a loss of appetite, which can further reduce nutrient intake.

- Increased energy needs: Diarrhea can increase the body's energy needs as the body works to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. This increased energy demand can deplete nutrient stores if not met with adequate nutrition.

- Alteration of gut microbiota: Diarrhea can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, which can affect the absorption and metabolism of nutrients.

- Inflammation: Chronic diarrhea can cause inflammation in the gut, which can damage the intestinal lining and further impair nutrient absorption.

- Electrolyte imbalances: Severe diarrhoea can also cause electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalaemia, which can impair the function of muscles and nerves, including those involved in digestion and nutrient absorption.

- Food aversion: People with diarrhoea may develop a fear or aversion to certain foods that trigger their symptoms. This can lead to a limited diet and further reduce nutrient intake.

- Poor sanitation and hygiene: Diarrhea can be caused by poor sanitation and hygiene, which can also contribute to malnutrition by increasing the risk of other infections and limiting access to clean food and water.

Malnutrition caused by diarrhea can have serious health consequences, including stunted growth, impaired cognitive development, and increased risk of infections.