How would one define a bowel obstruction?

Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a medical condition in which there is a blockage in the gastrointestinal tract that prevents the normal passage of stool and gases. It can occur anywhere along the digestive tract, from the esophagus to the rectum, and can be either partial or complete.

Causes of bowel obstruction can include:

- Hernias: when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weakened area of muscle, such as in the abdomen.

- Adhesions: bands of scar tissue that can form after surgery or inflammation, causing the intestines to stick together.

- Intussusception: a condition where one part of the intestine slides into another, like a telescope.

- Tumors: both benign and malignant tumors can grow in the digestive tract and obstruct the passage of stool.

- Fecal impaction: a hard, dry stool that becomes stuck in the rectum or colon.

- Strictures: narrowings of the intestinal lumen caused by inflammation, scarring, or radiation.

- Foreign bodies: objects that are swallowed or inserted into the rectum can cause obstruction.

- Volvulus: a condition where a portion of the intestine twists on itself, cutting off blood supply and causing obstruction.

Bowel obstruction can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

- Abdominal pain and cramps

- Nausea and vomiting

- Constipation

- Diarrhea

- Bloating

- Gas

- Inability to pass stool or gas

- Abdominal distension

- Fever and chills

In severe cases, bowel obstruction can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, sepsis, and tissue death. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious health problems.