Elevated Potassium Level in Humans

Potassium is stored within the cells of the body and within red blood cells. The kidneys excrete potassium through urination. When the kidneys do not excrete potassium efficiently or adequately, a condition known as hyperkalemia (or high potassium) occurs.

Causes of High Potassium

• Kidney impairment from chronic or acute renal failure is most commonly blamed for high potassium levels. Hyperkalemia may also be caused by medications, a hormonal deficiency, overuse of potassium supplements or destroyed red blood cells. Rhabdomyolysis, often brought about by drug or alcohol use, can also lead to high potassium levels, as it breaks down muscle fibers and potassium is released into the bloodstream.

Dangers of High Potassium Level

• A high level of potassium can be life-threatening. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include weakness, paralysis, muscle fatigue, nausea and arrhythmia.

Function of Potassium in the Body

• Potassium helps in the function of smooth, skeletal and heart muscle. It also works to regulate electrical signals throughout the body.

Kidney Disorders

• Patients with kidney disorders may be at higher risk of hyperkalemia if they take potassium supplements or certain medicines that boost potassium levels. These medicines include NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), ACE inhibitors and certain diuretics designed to spare potassium.

Diagnosis Hyperkalemia

• Hyperkalemia, or high potassium, can be diagnosed with a simple blood test that measures the blood's potassium concentration. Further testing typically involves an electrocardiogram, which can help detect arrhythmias and their origin.