What Are Kidney Stones Caused By?

The exact cause of kidney stones remains unknown. But, in people susceptible, kidney stones can be traced to several things ranging from food to genetic diseases. Doctors can identify potential causes by determining the type of stones.

Types

• Kidney stones are hard chunks collected in the kidney. The kidney stones form out of substances in the urine. Four types of kidney stones exist: calcium, struvite, uric acid and cystine.

Calcium-Oxalate Stones

• Excess calcium causes calcium-oxalate stones, the most common type of kidney stone. Too much vitamin D, medications and kidney problems can cause these stones to form as well.

Struvite Stones

• More common in women, infections normally cause struvite stones. These stones hold magnesium and ammonia.

Uric Acid Stones

• The consumption of meat may cause uric acid stones, which occur when the urine becomes too acidic. Genetics may also play a role.

Cystine Stones

• Genetic kidney problems cause cystine stones. This type of stone is rare, accounting for one percent of all kidney stones.