A Renal Diet Guideline

When a patient's kidneys are damaged to the point where he can no longer properly remove toxins and excess water from his body, he will need dialysis treatment. This can occur because of complications from high blood pressure, diabetes, or congenital kidney disease, among other causes. If a renal diet is followed rigorously, the patient may be able to preserve some kidney function and delay or avoid dialysis treatment. Patients always should heed their doctor's advice regarding nutrition, however, there are some general guidelines to follow.

Fluids

• Kidney disease or abnormalities can make it difficult for your kidneys to properly process and remove excess fluid. Your doctor may recommend that you carefully monitor your fluid intake to avoid excess, and will let you know the maximum amount you should drink. This includes water, coffee, tea, juice, soup and any other fluid. Signs that you are drinking too much include swelling and shortness of breath. Try using a water bottle with labeled measurements to keep track of your intake. If you feel overly thirsty, try sucking on a lemon wedge or chewing sugar-free gum.

Protein

• Your doctor will recommend specific amounts of protein you should consume, which depends on how well your kidneys are functioning. Generally, consuming less protein is helpful for your kidneys. As protein metabolizes in your body, the waste that is produced from this is called urea. The kidneys are responsible for processing this waste, and consuming too much protein can place a burden on abnormally functioning kidneys. Common protein sources that you need to monitor include meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products. Lower protein foods include grains and beans.

Sodium

• When kidneys do not function properly, sodium can build up in the bloodstream. This causes fluid retention, which can cause hands and ankles to swell. Kidney disease patients need to avoid a diet high in sodium. High-sodium food sources include bacon, nuts, potato chips, bouillon cubes, cheese, canned soup and other prepackaged, processed foods. Try using spices or lemon for flavoring meals, rather than table salt.

Phosphorus

• Calcium and phosphorus work together for the body's healthy function. However, when the kidneys do not work properly, phosphorus levels can get too high as calcium levels decrease. Signs of excess phosphorus include joint pain and itchy skin. Discuss the proper phosphorus amount for you with your doctor. High-phosphorus food choices include soda, beer, ice cream, nuts, peanut butter, cheese, sardines and chicken.

Potassium

• If your potassium levels get too high because your kidneys cannot properly regulate it, you can experience an irregular heartbeat and your heart could even stop. Many foods contain high amounts of potassium, including apricots, raisins, broccoli, other green vegetables, oranges, bananas, tomatoes, chocolate and coffee. Food choices with less potassium include apples, cherries, pears, onions, cereal, rice and bread.