|  | Conditions Treatments | Kidney Disease

Nutrition for Low Kidney Function Patients

Nutrition is a very important aspect of managing kidney disease. Renal disease diets are usually low in protein and carefully control the amounts of sodium and phosphorus that are consumed. Because some foods must be eliminated from the diet or eaten in limited amounts, getting the right amount of calories, protein, fat and carbohydrates can be difficult. Understanding nutritional principles can help kidney disease patients make better food choices.

  1. Diet Planning

    • Physicians and dietitians can work with kidney disease patients to plan a diet that will ensure adequate nutrient intake. Individual diet plans will be based on the results of laboratory testing that measures kidney function. Doctors may order a renal function panel and urinalysis to determine levels of sodium, phosphorus and potassium in the blood and protein and albumin in the urine. Mild impairment of kidney function may only require minimal restrictions, while advanced kidney disease may require severe restrictions on the amounts of protein, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and fluid that can be consumed.

    Food Sources

    • Because people with impaired kidney function need to limit the amount of protein they consume, it can be difficult to get the right number of calories each day. People who are on protein-restricted diets should be getting most of their calories from complex carbohydrates like whole-grain breads. This will help to minimize protein intake and avoid the consequences of consuming too much fat. Registered dietitians can work with kidney disease patients to determine what the proper breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be based on kidney function and weight.

    Restrictions

    • Food restrictions will be based on current kidney function and special dietary needs. Sodium intake can be reduced by avoiding processed foods, soups, canned foods, frozen entrees, bread and soft drinks. Phosphorus intake can be reduced by avoiding dairy products, soft drinks, corn, potatoes and chocolate. Protein restriction may involve eating only small amounts of beef, fish, pork and poultry.

    Special Considerations

    • There are many special considerations when planning nutrition for patients with low kidney function. Diets that are low in protein can cause deficiencies in some vitamins and minerals, as well as some of the essential amino acids. Advanced kidney disease and a low-protein diet can also lead to mild malnutrition. Medical providers may recommend that a multivitamin or daily supplement be taken to counteract the effects of the low-protein diet. Kidney disease patients should never take supplements or vitamins without consulting with their physician. Patients who have kidney disease and diabetes need special supervision to ensure that their kidney disease and blood sugar levels can be controlled with proper nutrition.

Kidney Disease - Related Articles