What Is IgA Nephropathy?

IgA nephropathy, also called Berger's disease, occurs when an antibody known as immunoglobulin A (IgA) builds up in the kidneys and damages them.

Normally, IgA is part of the immune system that helps the body fight off infection. In people with IgA nephropathy, however, the IgA antibodies build up in the kidneys and form deposits, which can lead to inflammation and scarring.

IgA nephropathy can range from a mild condition that doesn't cause any symptoms to a more serious condition that can lead to kidney failure. The condition is more common in men than women and typically affects people between the ages of 20 and 30.

What causes IgA nephropathy?

The exact cause of IgA nephropathy is unknown, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to play a role. Some factors that may increase the risk of developing the condition include:

Male sex

Asian or white race

Family history of IgA nephropathy

Certain infections, such as strep throat and scarlet fever

Certain drugs, such as penicillin and cephalosporins

What are the symptoms of IgA nephropathy?

IgA nephropathy can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

Foamy or bubbly urine

Gross hematuria (visible blood in the urine)

Swelling in the face, hands, and feet

High blood pressure

Fatigue

Nausea and vomiting

Loss of appetite

Weight loss

How is IgA nephropathy diagnosed?

IgA nephropathy is diagnosed based on a combination of factors, including:

Medical history

Physical examination

Blood tests

Urine tests

Kidney biopsy

The doctor may also order an imaging test, such as an ultrasound, to get a better view of the kidneys.

How is IgA nephropathy treated?

The treatment for IgA nephropathy depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not require treatment, while more severe cases may require medication, dialysis, or a kidney transplant.

Medications that may be used to treat IgA nephropathy include:

ACE inhibitors or ARBs to lower blood pressure and reduce protein in the urine

Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

Immunosuppressive drugs to slow the progression of the disease

Dialysis is a procedure that removes waste products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so. A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney is transplanted into a person with kidney failure.

What is the prognosis for IgA nephropathy?

The prognosis for IgA nephropathy varies depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not cause any problems and may not require treatment. More severe cases can lead to kidney failure, but most people with IgA nephropathy do not develop kidney failure.

With early diagnosis and treatment, most people with IgA nephropathy can live a normal life.