What does marijuana do to kidney function?

There is limited scientific research specifically investigating the direct effects of marijuana or its components on kidney function. However, some studies have examined the association between marijuana use and certain kidney-related outcomes. Here's what is currently known:

1. Kidney Function Markers:

- A few studies have looked at the relationship between marijuana use and markers of kidney function, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and blood levels of creatinine (a waste product eliminated by the kidneys).

- Some research suggests that chronic heavy marijuana use may be associated with slightly reduced eGFR and elevated creatinine levels, indicating potential impairment of kidney function. However, these findings are not consistent across all studies.

2. Kidney Disease:

- There is insufficient evidence to establish a causal link between marijuana use and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

- While certain studies have reported an association between marijuana use and increased risk of CKD, others have found no significant connection. More comprehensive and long-term studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

3. Glomerulonephritis:

- There are case reports suggesting a possible link between marijuana use and a condition called marijuana-associated glomerulonephritis (MAGN). MAGN is characterized by inflammation and damage to the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli).

- However, MAGN is a rare occurrence, and further research is required to understand its relationship with marijuana use.

4. Substance Co-Use:

- Marijuana use often co-occurs with other substance use, including tobacco and alcohol.

- Heavy use of these substances combined with marijuana can have a more significant impact on kidney health than marijuana alone. For instance, tobacco smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are known risk factors for CKD.

5. Cannabinoid Receptors in the Kidneys:

- The human body has cannabinoid receptors, including CB1 and CB2, which are found in various organs, including the kidneys.

- While animal studies have suggested that cannabinoids may interact with these receptors in the kidneys, affecting fluid and electrolyte balance, the impact of marijuana use on these processes in humans is not fully understood.

It's important to note that most studies on marijuana and kidney function are observational in nature, meaning they cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship. More rigorous, longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the long-term effects of marijuana on kidney health.

Individuals who have pre-existing kidney conditions or concerns should consult with their healthcare provider before using marijuana or any substance that could affect kidney function.