What are the subdivisons of renal tubule?

The renal tubules have the following four subdivisions:

1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT):

- First portion of the renal tubule

- Highly convoluted and lined by brush border cells

- Responsible for reabsorption of various solutes, including glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water.

2. Proximal straight tubule (PST):

- Continues from PCT and descends towards the medulla

- Lined by simple cuboidal cells

- Involved in additional reabsorption of solutes and water

3. Loop of Henle:

- Consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb

- Descending limb: Thin and lined by simple squamous cells. Responsible for reabsorption of water

- Ascending limb: Thick and lined by cuboidal cells. Reabsorbs sodium and chloride, creating a hypertonic environment in the medulla

4. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT):

- Located after the loop of Henle

- Convoluted and lined by cuboidal cells with prominent mitochondria

- Involved in fine regulation of water and sodium balance, as well as secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions