What role do the kidney play besides removing wastes from blood?

In addition to removing wastes and regulating fluid balance, the kidneys:

1. Regulate blood pressure: Kidneys help maintain blood pressure by controlling the amount of salt and water in the body. When blood pressure is high, the kidneys excrete more salt and water, and when blood pressure is low, the kidneys retain more salt and water.

2. Regulate blood pH: The kidneys help regulate blood pH by excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions. This process helps to maintain the body's acid-base balance.

3. Produce hormones: The kidneys produce several important hormones, including erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells, and calcitriol, which helps the body absorb calcium.

4. Reabsorb nutrients: Kidneys reabsorb glucose and essential nutrients back into the bloodstream, making sure these necessary components stay in the body.

5. Gluconeogenesis: Kidneys can generate glucose through gluconeogenesis when other sources of glucose (e.g., carbohydrates) are scarce or during fasting.

6. Metabolize drugs and toxins: The kidneys are involved in breaking down and removing various drugs and toxins from the body.