How do you know if it is a kidney infection rather than urinary tract infection?

Differentiating between a kidney infection (pyelonephritis) and a urinary tract infection (UTI) is crucial due to the potential severity of kidney infections. Here are some key factors to consider:

1. Location of Pain:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Pain is typically felt in the back, just below the rib cage, on one or both sides.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): Pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen or the suprapubic area (just above the pubic bone).

2. Severity of Pain:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Pain tends to be more intense and persistent, often described as a throbbing or aching sensation.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): Pain is generally milder and may be intermittent.

3. Flank Pain:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Flank pain (back pain on one or both sides) is a characteristic symptom.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): Flank pain is less common.

4. Fever and Chills:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Fever and chills are frequently present, indicating a systemic infection.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): Fever and chills may occur but are less common than in kidney infections.

5. Back Pain and Frequency:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Back pain may occur along with increased frequency of urination.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): Frequency and urgency of urination are more prominent symptoms without associated back pain.

6. Nausea and Vomiting:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Nausea and vomiting may accompany the pain.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): These symptoms are less commonly associated with UTIs.

7. Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Urine may appear cloudy or have a foul smell due to the presence of bacteria.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): Urine abnormalities may also be present in UTIs.

8. Urinalysis and Culture Results:

- Kidney infection (pyelonephritis): Urinalysis may show elevated white blood cells, red blood cells, and bacteria in the urine. A urine culture may confirm the presence of specific pathogens.

- Urinary tract infection (UTI): Urinalysis and culture results may also reveal signs of infection, but the location of the infection (bladder or kidneys) may not be immediately clear.

Since kidney infections can have serious consequences, it's essential to seek medical attention if you experience any combination of the symptoms mentioned above, especially severe back pain, fever, and chills. A healthcare professional will conduct further tests, such as urine analysis, blood tests, and imaging studies, to accurately diagnose the source of the infection and provide appropriate treatment.