Why must organs be preserved in special solution prior to transplant?

Organs must be preserved in a special solution prior to transplant to ensure that they remain viable and functional during the time they are outside of the body. The solution, known as a preservation solution or organ storage solution, provides the organ with the necessary nutrients and oxygen to maintain its proper structure and function. It also helps to prevent damage from temperature changes, dehydration, or other environmental stressors.

Preservation solutions typically contain a balanced mixture of salts, glucose, oxygen, antibiotics, and other components that simulate the body's natural environment. The composition of the solution varies depending on the specific organ being preserved and the duration of storage. The temperature of the solution is also carefully controlled to prevent tissue damage.

By using preservation solutions, organs can be stored for varying periods of time, depending on the organ, before they are transplanted. This allows for transportation of organs between different locations, providing greater flexibility in organ transplantation and increasing the chances of successful transplant surgeries.