What is the function of artificial kidney?
Artificial kidneys, also known as dialysis machines, perform the function of the kidneys when the natural kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste products, fluids, and electrolytes from the blood. Dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for people with kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
The primary function of artificial kidneys is to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood, which are normally eliminated by healthy kidneys through urine production. Here are the key functions of an artificial kidney:
1. Filtration:
- The artificial kidney uses a semipermeable membrane to separate waste products from the blood.
- Blood from the patient is pumped through the dialyzer, which contains thousands of tiny hollow fibers.
- As the blood passes through the fibers, waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and other toxins, diffuse across the membrane and are removed.
2. Fluid Removal:
- Dialysis machines help control fluid levels in the body.
- During dialysis, excess fluid from the blood is removed through ultrafiltration. This process helps prevent fluid overload and associated complications, such as pulmonary edema.
3. Electrolyte Balance:
- Artificial kidneys help regulate the levels of electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate, in the blood.
- Dialysis machines can adjust the concentration of these electrolytes in the dialysate (the fluid used in dialysis) to maintain proper electrolyte balance in the body.
4. Regulation of pH:
- Dialysis machines help correct the pH balance of the blood by removing excess acids or adding bicarbonate to the dialysate. This helps maintain the body's acid-base equilibrium.
5. Control of Blood Pressure:
- Dialysis can assist in managing blood pressure by removing excess fluid and regulating electrolyte levels, which can impact blood pressure.
6. Correction of Anemia:
- In some cases, artificial kidneys can help manage anemia, a condition characterized by low red blood cell count, which is common in people with chronic kidney disease.
It's important to note that artificial kidneys do not completely replace the functions of healthy kidneys. Dialysis is a temporary measure that helps sustain individuals until a kidney transplant is possible or until their kidney function improves. Regular dialysis treatments are necessary for individuals with kidney failure to maintain their overall health and well-being.