Why is it possible to have only one kidney?

While it is possible to live with only one kidney, humans are usually born with two kidneys. There are several potential scenarios where a person may end up with only one functioning kidney:

1. Nephrectomy: A surgical procedure to remove a diseased or damaged kidney may become necessary. Conditions like severe trauma, infections, blockages, or certain diseases may warrant a nephrectomy, leaving the person with just one functioning kidney.

2. Kidney Donation: Living kidney donation is an act of generosity where one person donates a healthy kidney to a person in need. The donor goes on to live a normal life with only one kidney.

3. Congenital Abnormalities: In rare cases, individuals may be born with a condition called renal agenesis, where one kidney fails to develop. This anomaly can occur during embryonic development and result in a person having just one functional kidney from birth.

4. Kidney Failure: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can gradually deteriorate kidney function over time. If both kidneys fail and the person does not undergo dialysis or receive a kidney transplant, they may need to live with a single functioning kidney.

5. Autoimmune Diseases: Autoimmune disorders such as lupus and vasculitis can sometimes lead to kidney inflammation and damage. In certain cases, one kidney may be affected more severely, potentially resulting in its removal or impaired function, leaving the other kidney to take on more workload.

Living with one kidney does not necessarily indicate any severe health implications. The remaining kidney can adapt and compensate for the loss by increasing its function and workload. Regular monitoring and medical care are crucial to ensure the health and proper functioning of the single kidney.