What if a kidney stone is too large to exit the kidney?

If the kidney stone is too large to pass through the ureter, it can cause a blockage and lead to several complications, including:

1. Back Pain: A large kidney stone can cause severe pain in the back, side, or abdomen. The pain can be intermittent or constant and can range from mild to excruciating.

2. Renal Colic: When a kidney stone becomes lodged in the ureter, it can cause sudden and severe pain known as renal colic. Renal colic is characterized by intense, wave-like pain that usually starts in the back or side and radiates to the abdomen, groin, or genitals.

3. Hydronephrosis: A large kidney stone can obstruct the flow of urine from the kidney, leading to hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis occurs when the kidney swells due to the buildup of urine. If left untreated, it can cause kidney damage.

4. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): A blocked kidney stone can increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The obstruction creates a favorable environment for bacteria to multiply, leading to infection.

5. Kidney Damage: Prolonged obstruction caused by a large kidney stone can lead to permanent damage to the kidney. The buildup of pressure and the lack of urine flow can damage the kidney tissue and impair its function.

6. Emergency Surgery: In some cases, if a large kidney stone is causing severe complications or cannot be passed naturally, surgery may be necessary to remove the stone. Surgical options may include ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), or open surgery.

It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience severe back pain, renal colic, or any other symptoms suggestive of a kidney stone. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure proper management.