What diseases can cause proximal renal tubular acidosis?

Proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) can be caused by a variety of diseases, including:

- Fanconi syndrome: A rare inherited disorder that affects the proximal renal tubules, leading to the loss of various substances in the urine, including glucose, amino acids, and bicarbonate.

- Lowe syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that affects the proximal renal tubules and eyes, leading to RTA, cataracts, and other complications.

- Multiple myeloma: A type of cancer that affects the plasma cells in the bone marrow, which can lead to the production of proteins that damage the proximal renal tubules.

- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disease that affects the exocrine glands, including the salivary glands and tear ducts, and can also affect the kidneys, leading to RTA.

- Heavy metal toxicity: Exposure to certain heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, can damage the proximal renal tubules and cause RTA.

- Drugs and toxins: Certain medications and toxins, such as aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and aminoglycosides, can damage the proximal renal tubules and cause RTA.

- Kidney transplant rejection: The rejection of a transplanted kidney can damage the proximal renal tubules and cause RTA.

- Renal artery stenosis: A narrowing of the renal artery, which can reduce blood flow to the kidneys and damage the proximal renal tubules, leading to RTA.