What is a nephrology?

Nephrology is a specialty of internal medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the kidneys. Nephrologists evaluate and manage a wide range of kidney conditions, including:

* Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli, which are small filters in the kidneys that help remove waste products from the blood

* Pyelonephritis: Infection of the kidneys

* Renal calculi (kidney stones): Hard mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys

* Chronic kidney disease (CKD): Progressive loss of kidney function

* End-stage renal disease (ESRD): The final stage of CKD, when the kidneys are no longer able to function and dialysis or transplantation is needed

Nephrologists also provide care for patients who have kidney transplants and for those who have conditions that affect the kidneys, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

Some of the tests that a nephrologist may order include:

- Urinalysis: This tests the urine for the presence of substances such as protein, glucose, and blood that may indicate kidney damage.

- Blood tests: These tests can measure levels of creatinine, urea, electrolytes, and other substances that can indicate kidney function.

- Imaging tests: These tests such as ultrasound and CT scans, can provide detailed images of the kidneys and surrounding structures.

Depending on the diagnosis, nephrologists may prescribe medications, recommend dietary changes, or refer patients for surgery. They also work closely with other specialists, such as cardiologists and diabetologists, to manage the overall health of patients with kidney disease