What is a kidney biopsy?

A kidney biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small piece of kidney tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. It is performed to diagnose or evaluate kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and other conditions affecting the kidneys.

The biopsy is typically performed by a nephrologist, a medical specialist who specializes in treating kidney diseases. Here's an overview of the procedure:

Preparation:

- Before the biopsy, your doctor will assess your overall health, kidney function, and bleeding risk. You may be required to undergo blood tests and imaging studies to ensure it is safe to perform the biopsy.

- You will be instructed to fast for a certain period before the biopsy to ensure an empty stomach.

- Depending on your preferences and medical condition, your doctor may recommend local anesthesia (to numb the area) or general anesthesia (to make you sleep during the procedure).

Procedure:

- During the biopsy, you will lie on your stomach or side on an examination table.

- The doctor will identify the appropriate location on your back, usually just below the rib cage, and clean the area to minimize infection risk.

- They will use a local anesthetic to numb the area. In some cases, general anesthesia may be used if necessary.

- The doctor uses a specialized needle called a biopsy needle to insert it through the skin and into the kidney. The needle may be guided by ultrasound to ensure accurate placement.

- A small core or piece of tissue is extracted using the biopsy needle.

Post-Procedure:

- After the biopsy, you will be monitored for any immediate complications.

- You may experience some discomfort or pain at the biopsy site, which can be managed with pain medication.

- It is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions regarding hydration, activity restrictions, and medication to ensure a successful recovery.

A kidney biopsy allows the pathologist to examine the kidney tissue sample under a microscope, evaluating various aspects such as the structure of the kidney, inflammatory changes, scarring, and any abnormalities in the renal tubules and glomeruli. The results of the kidney biopsy assist the doctor in making an accurate diagnosis, determining the underlying cause of kidney disease, and planning appropriate treatment.