When is dialysis needed?
Dialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are not working properly. It is typically required in cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), which can occur due to various underlying conditions.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
In CKD, the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function effectively. As the disease progresses, waste products can build up in the bloodstream, leading to a condition called uremia. Dialysis is often necessary when CKD reaches an advanced stage (stage 5) and the kidneys are no longer able to adequately perform their functions.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
AKI, also known as acute renal failure, is a sudden and potentially reversible loss of kidney function. It can occur due to various causes, including severe infections, dehydration, certain medications, and complications from major surgery. Dialysis may be required temporarily in severe cases of AKI to support kidney function while the underlying cause is addressed and treated.
Indications for Dialysis:
1. Elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine Levels: High levels of BUN and creatinine in the blood indicate impaired kidney function. When these levels exceed certain thresholds and cause symptoms or pose risks, dialysis may be necessary.
2. Fluid Overload and Electrolyte Imbalances: When the kidneys are unable to eliminate excess fluid and maintain proper electrolyte balance, dialysis can help remove excess fluids and correct imbalances.
3. Uremia and Acidosis: The accumulation of waste products and metabolic acids in the blood can cause uremia and metabolic acidosis. Dialysis can help remove these harmful substances and restore the body's pH balance.
4. Hyperkalemia: High levels of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia) can cause heart rhythm disturbances and other complications. Dialysis can help lower potassium levels and stabilize the heart's electrical activity.
Dialysis is often recommended when certain symptoms and complications of kidney failure appear, including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, swelling in the feet, hands, and face, and unexplained weight gain.
The type of dialysis required (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) and its frequency (acute or chronic) depend on the individual's condition, medical history, and the severity of kidney dysfunction. Dialysis is usually performed in a hospital setting or at a specialized dialysis center under the supervision of healthcare professionals.