What are the results of kidney damage from shigellosis?

Kidney damage resulting from shigellosis, caused by the invasion of Shigella bacteria, can lead to various adverse health outcomes:

1. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS): HUS is a severe complication that can occur in children infected with Shigella dysenteriae type 1. HUS causes the destruction of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia), leading to kidney failure, low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), and damage to the central nervous system. It may require intensive medical treatment, including dialysis and blood transfusions.

2. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Shigella bacteria can directly invade the kidneys and damage the renal tubules responsible for filtering waste products. This can result in acute kidney injury, characterized by a sudden decrease in the kidneys' ability to function. Symptoms of AKI may include reduced urine output, swelling, fatigue, and nausea. In severe cases, AKI can lead to kidney failure requiring temporary dialysis or even permanent damage.

3. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Persistent kidney damage from severe shigellosis can sometimes progress to chronic kidney disease. CKD is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their function over time. It can lead to various health complications, including fluid retention, high blood pressure, anemia, and bone disease. CKD may eventually require dialysis or kidney transplantation.

4. Scarring and Damage: The invasion of Shigella bacteria into the kidneys can cause inflammation, leading to scarring and tissue damage. This damage can impair kidney function and reduce their ability to filter waste products and maintain fluid balance.

It is important to note that the severity of kidney damage from shigellosis varies among individuals, and not all infections result in complications. However, it's crucial to seek prompt medical attention if shigellosis symptoms, such as persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, or bloody stool, are experienced. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent severe complications, including kidney damage.