Adult Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic kidney disease among adults is a genetic disorder that causes fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys. As the cysts develop, kidney function can become compromised and create other health problems throughout the body. Ultimately, if symptoms can't be managed and the disease progresses, dialysis treatment or a kidney transplant will be necessary.

Types

• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common form of this disease, affecting approximately 90 percent of people who suffer from this disorder. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is much less common, and typically becomes apparent in infancy or early childhood.

Symptoms

• Polycystic kidney disease can sometimes progress for years without producing noticeable symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include headaches, blood in the urine, high blood pressure, abdominal pain and/or swelling, kidney stones, frequent urination or urinary tract infections.

Complications

• As the disease progresses, the cysts can cause a reduction of kidney function and cause high blood pressure, as well as progressive kidney failure. Other possible serious health complications included a brain aneurysm, liver cysts, chronic pain, colon problems and heart abnormalities.

Treatment

• Controlling high blood pressure through medications, reduced stress and a low-fat, low-sodium diet is a key factor in delaying the progression of polycystic kidney disease among adults. If the disease progresses unabated, however, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be necessary.

Prognosis

• While as of 2010 there is no treatment to prevent or halt the progression of cyst formation, PKD is a disease that develops slowly. Medications can help to manage the symptoms for many years; however, the disease will eventually cause end-stage kidney failure that must be addressed through dialysis or kidney transplantation.