Corpus Luteum: What to Know

Overview

The corpus luteum is a small gland that develops in the ovary after ovulation. It produces the hormone progesterone, which helps to thicken the uterine lining and maintain a pregnancy. If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum will continue to grow and produce progesterone until the placenta takes over this role. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will regress and menstruation will begin.

Location

The corpus luteum develops on the surface of the ovary from a follicle that has ruptured and released an egg. It is usually about the size of a small pea and is yellow in color.

Function

The main function of the corpus luteum is to produce progesterone. Progesterone is a hormone that is necessary for the maintenance of a pregnancy. It helps to thicken the uterine lining and make it more receptive to implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone also helps to relax the muscles of the uterus, which prevents miscarriage.

Corpus Luteum Failure

If the corpus luteum does not develop properly or fails to produce enough progesterone, it can lead to corpus luteum failure. This can cause a number of problems, including:

- Infertility

- Miscarriage

- Irregular menstrual cycles

- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

- Heavy menstrual bleeding

Treatment

Treatment for corpus luteum failure typically involves taking progesterone supplements. These supplements can help to correct the hormonal imbalance and improve fertility.

Prognosis

The prognosis for corpus luteum failure is generally good. Most women who receive treatment are able to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term.