What are flares in lupus?

Flares, also known as lupus attacks or flares, refer to periods of increased disease activity in people with lupus. During a flare, symptoms may worsen or new symptoms may develop. The severity and duration of flares can vary widely from person to person.

Some common symptoms associated with lupus flares include:

1. Joint Pain and Swelling: Increased joint pain, stiffness, and swelling may occur in the hands, feet, wrists, and other joints.

2. Fatigue: Extreme tiredness and fatigue may be experienced during a flare.

3. Skin Rashes: The characteristic butterfly-shaped rash on the face may become more pronounced or new skin rashes may appear.

4. Fever: Unexplained fever that is not related to an infection may occur.

5. Kidney Involvement: Worsening of kidney function, leading to protein in the urine or decreased urine output.

6. Lung Problems: Pleuritis (inflammation of the lining of the lungs) or pneumonia may develop.

7. Neurological Issues: Headaches, seizures, or confusion may occur if the brain or nervous system is affected.

8. Blood Cell Abnormalities: Decreased levels of red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), or platelets (thrombocytopenia) may be observed.

9. Raynaud's Phenomenon: Episodes of fingers and toes turning white, blue, or red in response to cold temperatures or stress.

10. Mouth Ulcers: Sores or ulcers may develop inside the mouth.

11. Headaches and Migraines: Severe headaches or migraines may occur more frequently during flares.

12. Gastrointestinal Issues: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may be experienced.

13. Eye Problems: Inflammation of the eyes, dry eyes, or sensitivity to light may occur.

14. Lymphadenopathy: Swollen lymph nodes may be felt under the arms, in the neck, or other areas of the body.

15. Cognitive Difficulties: Some individuals may experience memory problems or difficulty concentrating during flares.

It's important for people with lupus to manage their condition with regular medical check-ups, medications, and lifestyle modifications. Managing stress, getting adequate rest, and maintaining a healthy diet can also help reduce the frequency and severity of flares. If a flare occurs, prompt medical attention is essential to prevent serious complications.