What is the disease known as lupus?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly known as lupus, is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs.

In lupus, the immune system, which normally protects the body from infection, instead attacks the body's own tissues and organs. The precise cause of lupus is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors.

Women are more likely to develop lupus than men, and it often begins between the ages of 15 and 44.

Symptoms of lupus can vary widely and may come and go or wax and wane over time. Some common symptoms include fatigue, joint pain and swelling, a red rash on the face (malar rash), sensitivity to sunlight, fever, hair loss, mouth sores, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss. Diagnosis of lupus involves a combination of blood tests, physical examination, and imaging tests.

Treatment for lupus typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids, antimalarial drugs, and immunosuppressive medications. There is no cure for lupus, but with proper treatment, many people with lupus can live full and active lives.