Causes & Risks for Shocks
In addition to being incredibly uncomfortable, electrical shocks can be dangerous. A shock is the body's natural response to electrical currents passing through it, which can cause burns, muscle and bone damage and nervous system impairments. As Cornell University notes, an electrical current with a voltage as weak as 70V can potentially prove fatal. The precise effects of a shock, however, will vary depending on a number of factors, including the size of the victim and the source of the shock.-
Static Electricity
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One of the most common types of shock that people encounter in their everyday lives is the result of static electricity. Static electricity is a friction-induced, stationary electric charge, meaning it stays in one place or object until it discharges. The charge builds up when two surfaces rub together and exchange electrons. One surface becomes negatively charged, while the other becomes positively charged, creating an electrostatic attraction. This is why when you repeatedly rub a balloon against fabric or hair, it will eventually "stick" to it. As Oklahoma State University warns, one of the most common risks for electrostatic shocks is touching or cleaning the computer screen.
Power Lines
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Power lines are thick cables that carry electrical power to homes, businesses, factories and other areas. Although they are typically suspended high above communities and roads on poles and pylons, out of harm's away, they can still potentially cause electrical shocks. As Texas A & M notes, tall, mobile equipment, such as front-end loaders---and scissor lifts---represent some of the biggest risks in terms of power line shocks. Operators can sometimes underestimate the height of lines while raising an arm or platform, or may accidentally bump them while the equipment is mobile. Other causes of power line shocks include storms and car accidents, which can knock live wires down to street level.
Extension Cords
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Like static electricity, extension cords represent a domestic risk for electrical shock. According to Princeton University, extension cords are only meant for temporary use, and overuse can cause cords to fray or split, exposing their live and dangerous interior wiring. Cords with particularly light and thin protective coatings are even greater risks for shocks.
Lightning
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Lightning is the ultimate shock, and can deliver, in a single burst, 100 million volts. Although the probability that you will get struck by lightning is incredibly low, it still poses a potential risk. According to the University of Florida IFAS Extension, lightning kills 100 people---on average---each year in the United States. In many instances of lightning strikes, victims are using electrical devices, such as TVs and telephones, or are near water fixtures, such as washing machines and sinks.
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