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Signs and Symptoms of Edema in Legs

Edema is swelling of the limbs due to fluid accumulation. Peripheral edema, characterized by swelling of the legs and feet, is the most common form of edema. With edema, the fluid gathers under the skin in spaces found in the tissues. At times, this can affect only the feet; at other times, it can move up the ankle and the calf right up to the thigh. Edema of the leg can be indicative of venous ailments as well as trauma and heart-related illnesses. There are certain bone diseases that can also cause such swelling.

  1. Pitting and Non-pitting

    • With pitting edema, if pressure is applied to the swollen area, an indentation will appear and remain for about five seconds. This is most noticeable if you wear tight clothing, such as socks or underwear which will leave a visible indentation when removed. With non-pitting edema, an indentation may appear for just a second or two or not at all. Your clothing may feel suddenly tighter than normal, or the affected limbs may look puffy. This may also be indicative of a lymphatic system disorder or hyperthyroidism, where swelling develops just above the shin.

    Edema in Women

    • Edema is very common during pregnancy, especially in the final trimester. A pregnant woman tends to retain more fluid, which often settles in the hands, feet and legs. Excessive and rapid swelling of the feet can also be a sign of preeclampsia or toxemia. This pregnancy-related ailment rarely occurs. If it does develop, you should inform your doctor immediately. Edema frequently occurs during the regular menstrual cycle because of hormonal changes that take place in the body.

    Heart, Kidney and Liver Problems

    • Chronic kidney-related ailments can lead to edema of the legs. When the kidneys are unable to process and remove toxins and extra fluids from the body, these substances gather in different places in the body, the most common being the legs. One of the symptoms of congestive heart failure is accumulation of liquid in the legs as well as the abdominal area. Liver cirrhosis can also cause edema of the legs.

    General Symptoms

    • Edema can develop if a person has been sitting for a long period of time. This frequently happens during trans-Atlantic flights. Edema also manifests as a side effect of other conditions, such as burns, malnourishment and bone infection. Very rarely, diagnostic tests, such as venography, can cause edema. In addition, hormonal-based drugs, such as estrogen, and non-steroidal drugs can cause edema.

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