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Pathophysiology of Hyperbilirubinemia in Adults

Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition characterized by the abnormal buildup of the pigment bilirubin in the bloodstream. Depending on the cause, individuals with hyperbilirubinemia may experience a wide variety of functional changes, or pathophysiologies, associated with the syndrome.

  1. Normal Bilirubin Elimination

    • Bilirubin is released into the bloodstream during the normal breakdown of red blood cells, according to the Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Normally, the body collects bilirubin in the liver and eliminates it through the stools, Medline Plus reports.

    Bilirubin Buildup

    • Hyperbilirubinemia in adults occurs when the body cannot eliminate adequate amounts of bilirubin. Potential causes of bilirubin buildup include liver damage or overload, excessive breakdown of red blood cells and blockage of bilirubin between the liver and the intestines, according to Medline Plus.

    Jaundice

    • Bilirubin buildup commonly triggers yellowing of the skin, body fluids and/or eyes, a condition known as jaundice, according to Lab Tests Online.

    Pathophysiology Factors

    • The exact progression or pathophysiology of hyperbilirubinemia varies with the underlying cause of the condition. Known causes for adults include bile duct obstructions, acute hepatitis, liver scarring (cirrhosis) and the inherited condition called Gilbert’s syndrome, according to Lab Tests Online.

    Treatment

    • Treatment of the functional changes triggered by hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice also depends on the underlying causes, Medline Plus notes.

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