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What Causes Geographic Tongue?

Also known as "migratory glossitis," geographic tongue is a benign condition where the tongue is missing the little white bumps (papillae) that normally coat the tongue. This results in the development of smooth, reddish patches which may look odd, but are not dangerous. Many people with geographic tongue do not suffer any ill-effects, though some may experience discomfort or a sensitivity to certain foods. There is no known cause for geographic tongue, though several factors may contribute to the condition.

  1. Genetics

    • Geographic tongue can run in families, so according to the Mayo Clinic, genetics play a role in the condition.

    Hormones

    • A study published in the February 2005 issue of "Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice" indicates that women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with the condition as men, and that hormones may have a role in the condition.

    Psoriasis

    • No definitive connection has been established between psoriasis and geographic tongue, though geographic tongue is more often diagnosed in those with psoriasis than in the general population.

    Allergies

    • Allergies may also be associated with a geographic tongue.

    Tongue Fisures

    • According to the Mayo Clinic, there is a higher incidence of geographic tongue in people who also have a fissured tongue. A fissured tongue is a benign condition in which the tongue has deep grooves or tracks.

    Stress

    • The Mayo Clinic notes that stress may contribute to the development of geographic tongue.

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